6月 15, 2018 / Gyeongsang National University, South Korea / Journal of Clinical Medicine

文/呉廷耀

Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine in South Korea published a paper in the Journal of Clinical Medicine in June 2018 stating thatマンネンタケ can reduce liver fat accumulation caused by a high-fat diet, but related animal experiments also found that that mice fattened by a high-fat diet will also have less serious blood glucose and blood lipid problems due to the intervention ofマンネンタケ.

The experimental mice were divided into four groups: normal diet (ND), normal diet (ND) + マンネンタケ (GL), high-fat diet (HFD), high-fat diet (HFD) + マンネンタケ (GL). In the feed of the normal diet group, fat accounted for 6% of the total calories; in the feed of the high-fat diet, fat accounted for 45% of the total calories, which was 7.5 times of the former. Theマンネンタケ fed to mice is actually an ethanol extract of the fruiting body ofマンネンタケ. The researchers fed the mice at a dose of 50 mg/kgマンネンタケ ethanol extract per day for five days a week.

After sixteen weeks (four months) of experiments, it was found that a long-term high-fat diet can double the weight of mice. Even if they eatマンネンタケ, it is difficult to block the tendency to gain weight (形 1).

しかし, under the premise of a high-fat diet, although the mice that eatマンネンタケ and the mice that do not eatマンネンタケ appear to have similar levels of obesity, their health status will be significantly different due to eating or not eatingマンネンタケ.

Figure 1　 の効果マンネンタケ on the bodyweight of the HFD-fed mice

マンネンタケ reduces visceral fat accumulation in HFD-Fed mice.

形 2 is a statistical diagram of the appearance and weight of the liver, perirenal fat and epididymal fat of each group of mice at the end of the experiment.

The liver is the nutrient processing plant in the body. All nutrients absorbed from the intestine will be decomposed, synthesized and processed by the liver into a form usable by cells, and then distributed everywhere through the blood circulation. Once there is an oversupply, the liver will convert the excess calories into fat (triglycerides) and store it for emergencies.

The more fat is stored, the larger and heavier the liver becomes. もちろん, excess fat will also accumulate around other internal organs, and perirenal fat and epididymal fat are representatives of visceral fat accumulation observed in animal experiments.

It can be seen from Figure 2 thatマンネンタケ can significantly reduce fat accumulation in the liver and other internal organs caused by a high-fat diet.

Figure 2　 の効果マンネンタケ on visceral fat in HFD-Fed mice

マンネンタケ reduces fatty liver in HFD-Fed mice.

The researchers further analyzed the fat content in the liver of the mice: the liver tissue sections of the mice in each group were stained with a special dye, and the oil droplets in the liver tissue would combine with the dye and turn red. As shown in Figure 3, the fat content in the liver was significantly different in the same high-fat diet with or without the addition ofマンネンタケ.

The fat in liver tissues of mice in each group was quantified into Figure 4, and it could be seen that fatty liver in the high-fat diet group reached grade 3 (the fat content was more than 66% of the weight of the whole liver, indicating severe fatty liver). 同時に, the fat content in the liver of HFD-fed mice that ateマンネンタケ was reduced by half.

 Figure 3　 Fat staining results of mouse liver tissue sections

Figure 4　の効果マンネンタケ on liver fat accumulation in HFD-fed mice

[Description] The severity of fatty liver was classified into grades 0, 1, 2, and 3 according to the proportion of fat weight in the liver weight: less than 5%, 5-33%, より多い 33%-66% and more than 66%, respectively. The clinical significance represented normal, mild, moderate and severe fatty liver.

マンネンタケ prevents hepatitis in HFD-fed mice.

Excessive fat accumulation will increase free radicals in the liver, making liver cells prone to inflammation due to oxidative damage, thereby affecting liver function. しかし, not all fatty livers will progress to the level of hepatitis. As long as the liver cells are not excessively damaged, they can be maintained in a relatively harmless “simple fat accumulation.”

It can be seen from Figure 5 that a high-fat diet can double serum ALT (GPT), the most important indicator of hepatitis, from the normal level of about 40 U/L; however, もしマンネンタケ is taken at the same time, the possibility of hepatitis is greatly reduced. 明らかに, マンネンタケ has a protective effect on liver cells infiltrated in fat.

Figure 5 The effect ofマンネンタケ on hepatitis indexes in HFD-fed mice

マンネンタケ relieves blood lipid problems in HFD-fed mice.

When the liver synthesizes too much fat, blood lipids are also prone to abnormalities. This animal experiment in South Korea found that a four-month high-fat diet can raise cholesterol, butマンネンタケ can reduce the severity of the problem (形 6).

Figure 6　 の効果マンネンタケ on serum total cholesterol in HFD-fed mice

マンネンタケ inhibits blood glucose rise in HFD-fed mice.

Experiments also found that a high-fat diet can cause blood glucose to rise. しかし, もしマンネンタケ is taken at the same time, the blood glucose level can obviously be controlled at a small increase (形 7).

Figure 7　 の効果マンネンタケ on blood glucose in HFD-fed mice

マンネンタケ improves the ability of the body of HFD-fed mice to regulate blood sugar.

The researchers also performed a glucose tolerance test on the mice during the fourteenth week of the experiment, つまり, in the fasting state after 16 hours of fasting, the mice were injected with a high amount of glucose, and the blood glucose change within two hours was observed. The smaller the fluctuation of blood glucose level, the better the ability of the mouse’s body to regulate blood glucose.

It was found that the fluctuation of the blood glucose levels of the HFD + GL group was lower than that of the HFD group (形 8). This means thatマンネンタケ has the effect of improving blood glucose regulation caused by a high-fat diet.

Figure 8　 の効果マンネンタケon glucose tolerance in HFD-fed mice

マンネンタケ improves insulin resistance in HFD-fed mice.

The researchers also performed an insulin tolerance test on mice: In the fourteenth week of the experiment, fasting mice were injected with insulin, and the changes in blood glucose levels were used to determine the sensitivity of the mice’s cells to insulin.

Insulin is a hormone, which plays the role of a key, allowing the glucose in our food to enter the body’s cells from the bloodstream to produce energy. Under normal circumstances, after the insulin injection, the original blood glucose level will drop to some extent. Because more blood glucose will enter the cells with the help of insulin, the blood sugar level will naturally decrease.

しかし, the results of the experiment found that a long-term high-fat diet would make cells become insensitive to insulin so the blood glucose level remained high after insulin injection, but at the same time, the blood glucose fluctuation in HFD-fed mice that ateマンネンタケ was similar to that in ND-fed mice (形 9). It is obvious thatマンネンタケ has the effect of improving insulin resistance.

Figure 9　 の効果マンネンタケ on insulin resistance in HFD-fed mice

The mechanism ofマンネンタケ in reducing fatty liver

Obesity can induce insulin resistance, and insulin resistance not only causes hyperglycemia but also is the most important factor leading to non-alcoholic fatty liver. したがって, when insulin resistance is reduced byマンネンタケ, the liver is naturally less prone to fat accumulation.

加えて, the researchers also confirmed that the ethanol extract ofマンネンタケ fruiting body used in animal experiments can not only directly regulate the activity of some enzymes involved in lipid metabolism in the liver but also directly inhibit the synthesis of fat by liver cells, and the effect is proportional to the dosage ofマンネンタケ. More importantly, after these effective doses ofマンネンタケ were cultured with human liver cells for 24 時間, the cells were still alive and well.

マンネンタケ has the effects of lowering blood glucose, lowering fat and protecting liver.

The above-mentioned research results not only tell us that the alcohol extract ofマンネンタケ fruiting body can reduce the symptoms of hyperglycemia, 高脂血症, and fatty liver caused by a high-fat diet but also remind us that it is possible to get fatty liver without drinking alcohol.

In medicine, fatty liver caused by non-alcoholic factors is collectively referred to as “non-alcoholic fatty liver.” Although there are other possible factors (such as drugs), eating habits and lifestyle habits are still the most common causes. Think about how the foie gras, which is so much loved by gluttons, is made? It’s the same with people!

According to statistics, nearly one-third of adults have simple (つまり, no symptoms of hepatitis) non-alcoholic fatty liver, and about one-quarter of them will further develop into fatty hepatitis within fifteen years. There are even reports that non-alcoholic fatty liver has become the main cause of abnormal ALT index in Taiwan (33.6%), far surpassing hepatitis B virus (28.5%) and hepatitis C virus (13.2%). (See reference 2 詳細については)

Ironically, as global health agencies continue to fight viral hepatitis with vaccines and drugs, the prevalence of fatty liver disease caused by eating too well or drinking too much is increasing.

Fatty liver disease (steatosis) occurs when fat in the liver reaches or exceeds 5% of the liver’s weight. The initial diagnosis of fatty liver disease must rely on abdominal ultrasound or computed tomography (CT). If you have not developed the habit of undertaking health checkups, you can also judge whether you have fatty liver disease from whether you have metabolic syndromes such as moderate obesity, hyperglycemia (type 2 diabetes) and hyperlipidemia because these symptoms or diseases often occur together with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

It’s just that there are no specific drugs for fatty liver disease. This is why, after the diagnosis of fatty liver, the doctor can only prescribe you a light diet, exercise and weight loss rather than active treatments. しかし, it is not easy to change eating habits and living habits. Most people are stuck either in the quagmire of “failing to control diet and increase physical activity” or in the struggle of “failing to get rid of fatty liver even by controlling diet and increasing physical activity”.

What on earth should we do? After reading the research results of Gyeongsang National University in South Korea, we know that there is another magic weapon, つまり, eating the ethanol extract ofマンネンタケ fruiting body.

マンネンタケ, which has the functions of protecting the liver, 血糖値を下げる, and lowering fat, is really cost-effective; although it still cannot make you lose weight, it can at least make you healthier even if you are obese.

[ソース]

Jung S, 他. マンネンタケ ameliorates non-alcoholic steatosis by upregulating energy metabolizing enzymes in the liver. J Clin Med. 2018 Jun 15;7(6). pii: E152. 土肥: 10.3390/jcm7060152.

[Further Reading]

Coincidentally, in early 2017, a report “Antidiabetic activity ofマンネンタケ polysaccharides F31 down-regulated hepatic glucose regulatory enzymes in diabetic mice” was jointly published by Guangdong Institute of Microbiology and Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Based on an animal model of type 2 diabetes, it explores the regulation mechanism ofマンネンタケ fruiting body active polysaccharides on blood glucose and the prevention and treatment of hepatitis caused by diabetes. Its mechanism of action is also related to the regulation of the enzymes involved in energy metabolism in the liver and the improvement of insulin resistance. It and this South Korean report arrive at the same end by different means. Interested friends might as well refer to this report.

Reference materials about non-alcoholic fatty liver

1. Teng-cing Huang et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver. Family Medicine and Primary Medical Care, 2015; 30 (11): 314-319.

2. Ching-feng Suet al. Diagnosis and treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. 2015; 30 (11) : 255-260.

3. Ying-tao Wu et al. Introduction to the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Pharmaceutical Journal, 2018; 34 (2) : 27-32.

4. Huei-wun Liang: Fatty liver disease can be reversed and say goodbye to fatty liver! Liver Disease Prevention & Treatment Research Foundation website.

終わり

著者について/Mさん. 呉廷耀
ウー・ティンヤオ氏は、以来、霊芝に関する直接の情報を報告し続けている。 1999. 彼女はの著者です 霊芝による治癒 (4月に人民医学出版社に出版 2017).

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★この記事の原文はWu Tingyaoが中国語で執筆し、Alfred Liuが英語に翻訳しました。. 翻訳に齟齬があった場合 (英語) そしてオリジナル (中国語), 本来の中国人が勝つだろう. 読者に質問がある場合, 原作者に連絡してください, MS. 呉廷耀.