Chemotherapy injures the liver and kidneys while Lingzhi (とも呼ばれますマンネンタケ or Reishi mushroom) protects the liver and kidneys.
Canマンネンタケ withstand the liver and kidney damage caused by chemotherapy?
A team composed of Professor Hanan M Hassan from the Faculty of Pharmacy of Delta University for Science & Technology in Egypt and Professor Yasmen F Mahran from the Faculty of Pharmacy of Ain Shams University in Egypt used cisplatin, the most common traditional chemotherapy drug, to test the possibility ofマンネンタケ in protecting liver and kidney cells from cisplatin injury.
Their research results are divided into two articles: one is protecting the liver while another is protecting the kidneys. They were published in “Drug Design, Development and Therapy” and “Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity” in June and July 2020, respectively.
The anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects ofマンネンタケ can obviously block many oxidative damage, inflammatory damage and cell apoptosis induced by cisplatin, and such protection is applicable to liver cells or kidney cells. This not only highlights the dual medicinal value ofマンネンタケ but also provides a feasible auxiliary protection method for cancer chemotherapy.
In order to avoid making this article too long, the author will introduce the role ofマンネンタケ in this aspect in two parts in the hope that these scientifically based data and evidence will bring more confidence to friends who seek to reduce the side effects of chemotherapy.
Part 1マンネンタケ protects the liver vs. cisplatin hepatotoxicity
The researchers compared the differences between using and not usingマンネンタケ during cisplatin treatment in six groups of healthy rats and the differences in protection against liver injury with differentマンネンタケ administration methods. They are:
◆Control Group (Cont): the group that does not receive any treatment;
◆マンネンタケ Group(GL): the group that are not injected with cisplatin but eatsマンネンタケ 毎日;
◆Cisplatin Group(CP): the group that is only injected with cisplatin but does not eatマンネンタケ;
◆Everyday Group (Daily): the group that is injected with cisplatin and eats霊芝ルシダム 毎日;
◆Every Other Day Group (EOD): the group that is injected with cisplatin and eatsマンネンタケ every other day;
◆Intraperitoneal Group (i.p): the group that is injected cisplatin and receives intraperitoneal injection ofG明瞭な陰皮.
All those who received cisplatin were injected intraperitoneally with 12 mg/kg of Cisplatin on the first day of the experiment to trigger acute liver injury; those who received the intraperitoneal injection ofマンネンタケ were injected once on the second and sixth days of the experiment.
のマンネンタケ used in the experiment contains active ingredients such as triterpenes, sterols, 多糖類, polyphenols and flavonoids. のマンネンタケ given in animal experiments, whether it is taken orally or by injection, is calculated at a daily dose of 500 mg/kg.
(1) マンネンタケ reduces hepatocellular injury
後 10 日, it can be seen that cisplatin will increase the hepatitis index and total bilirubin level in the rat’s serum. These are all signs of hepatocellular injury. But ifマンネンタケ is involved at the same time, the increased value can be reduced a lot (形 1).
Data Source/Drug Des Devel Ther. 2020; 14:2335-2353.
形 1 Effects of cisplatin andマンネンタケ on liver injury indicators
Put the liver tissue section under a microscope, and you can see that cisplatin can cause liver congestion (the blood that should return to the heart is blocked and stagnates in the hepatic veins), cell degeneration (vacuoles appear, which is the earliest change in cellular injury), apoptosis and necrosis, but these conditions can also be alleviated by usingマンネンタケ.
形 2 Effects of cisplatin andマンネンタケ on hepatocytes
(2)マンネンタケ enhances the antioxidant capacity of liver cells
This article further compares the oxidative damage suffered by each group of liver tissues. There are two observation indicators: MDA(malondialdehyde), a product formed after the destruction of cell membranes by free radicals, and H2○2 (hydrogen peroxide), an intermediate product formed after the metabolism of free radicals by antioxidant enzymes.
Both of these products have the oxidative properties of free radicals and must be further treated before they can be truly “detoxified”, so the amount of them can tell us the oxidative damage that the liver tissue “has suffered” and “will suffer”.
明らかに, cisplatin will cause great oxidative damage to liver tissue, but ifマンネンタケ is involved In treatment at the same time, such damage can be reduced (形 3).
Because the changes in the concentration of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and GSH) in the liver tissues of each group and the changes in oxidative damage indicators showed a completely opposite trend, it can be inferred thatマンネンタケwill increase the antioxidant capacity of liver tissue and reduce the damage by “increasing antioxidant enzymes”.
Figure 3 Effects of cisplatin andマンネンタケ on oxidative damage of liver tissue
(3)マンネンタケ enhances the anti-inflammatory ability of liver cells
Cisplatin threatens the survival of cells by damaging DNA and inducing a large number of free radicals; cells under pressure will turn on the master switch NF-kB that regulates the inflammation response, prompting cells to synthesize and release tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and other cytokines to activate the first wave of inflammatory reactions and sound the alarm for immunity.
Immediately afterwards, those cells killed by oxidative damage or inflammation will release another cytokine, HMGB-1, to activate more immune cells, triggering waves of inflammation.
Continuous inflammation will not only, 順番に, intensify oxidative damage but also drive more cells to death, and even cause liver tissue to gradually develop fibrosis during the process of repeated inflammation and repair.
Fortunately, just likeマンネンタケ can reduce the oxidative damage caused by cisplatin, animal experiments also confirmed that the combined use of cisplatin andマンネンタケ can inhibit the activation of the inflammation switch NF-kB, reduce the inflammation-promoting TNF-α and HMGB-1, and increase the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in the tissues of the liver at the same time (形 4).
Taken together, these effects not only inhibit inflammation but also reduce collagen deposition and prevent the progression of liver fibrosis (形 5).
Data Source/Drug Des Devel Ther. 2020; 14: 2335-2353.
形 4 Effects of cisplatin andマンネンタケ on inflammation of liver tissue
 Control Group (Cont) |  マンネンタケ Group (GL) |
 Cisplatin Group (CP) |  Every Other Day Group (EOD) |
 Everyday Group (Daily) |  Intraperitoneal Group (i.p) |
| The arrows point to areas of collagen deposition. | |
Data Source/Drug Des Devel Ther. 2020; 14: 2335-2353.
形 5 Effects of cisplatin and Ganoderma lucidum on liver fibrosis
(4)マンネンタケ enhances the anti-apoptotic ability of liver cells
Whether through oxidative damage or inflammatory damage, cisplatin will eventually activate the “apoptosis” mechanism and force liver cells to die.
言い換えると, if liver cells can hold the last line of defense, they will have more chances to survive and reduce the severity of liver damage.
There are many protein molecules that regulate apoptosis. Among them, the most representative ones are: p53, which can promote apoptosis, Bcl-2, which can inhibit apoptosis, and caspase-3, which executes apoptosis at the last minute.
According to the researchers’ analysis of liver tissues of experimental animals in each group, マンネンタケ can not only promote the expression of Bcl-2 but also inhibit the expression of p53 and caspase-3, which can provide powerful anti-apoptotic energy for liver cells.
(5) Ganoderic acids play an important anti-inflammatory role
From anti-oxidation, 抗炎症, anti-apoptosis to the actual performance of reducing liver damage, the researchers have compiled the mechanism ofマンネンタケ in inhibiting cisplatin hepatotoxicity into the following diagram for your reference.
Data Source/Drug Des Devel Ther. 2020; 14: 2335-2353.
形 6 The mechanism of Ganoderma lucidum in inhibiting liver toxicity of cisplatin
In the end of this study, the analysis of the “molecular docking simulation system” found that at least 14 ganoderic acids in the triterpenes ofマンネンタケ (as shown in the table below) can directly and effectively bind to the key cytokine HMGB-1, thus inactivating the pro-inflammatory activity of HMGB-1.
Since anti-inflammation is one of the important mechanisms ofマンネンタケ to reduce Cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity, “richness in Ganoderic acid” has become an indicator component ofマンネンタケ to protect the liver.
What kind ofマンネンタケ ingredients can contain such abundant Ganoderic acids? According to past research, it is known that they are mainly present in the “マンネンタケ fruiting body alcohol extract”.
It is worth mentioning that the rats in theマンネンタケ group that only ateマンネンタケ are almost the same as the rats in the control group in the above-mentioned experimental results, indicating thatマンネンタケ is highly safe for consumption.
加えて, the method of usingマンネンタケ is also very important. If you are willing to review the chart shown in this article, it is not difficult to find that “Every Day Group” has the best effect.
実際には, Every Day Group has the best effect in reducing the hepatic and renal toxicity of cisplatin in animal experiments,which is different from otherGanoderma 明晰 groups.
What are the specific manifestations of the above-mentioned good effects? Stay tuned for “Part 2マンネンタケ protects the kidney vs. Cisplatin nephrotoxicity”.
[Data Source]
1.Hanan M Hassan, 他. Suppression of Cisplatin-Induced Hepatic Injury in Rats Through Alarmin High-Mobility Group Box-1 Pathway byマンネンタケ: Theoretical and Experimental Study. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2020;14: 2335-2353.
2.Yasmen F Mahran, et al.マンネンタケ Prevents Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity through Inhibition of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling and Autophagy-Mediated Apoptosis. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2020. 土肥: 10.1155/2020/4932587.
終わり
著者について/Mさん. 呉廷耀
Wu Tingyao has been reporting on first-handマンネンタケ information since 1999. 彼女はの著者です霊芝による治癒 (4月に人民医学出版社に出版 2017).
★この記事は著者の独占的な許可を得て掲載されています, 所有権はGANOHERBに属します
★上記作品は転載禁止です, GanoHerb の許可なく抜粋または他の方法で使用される
★作品の使用を許諾されている場合, 許可の範囲内で使用し、出典を示す必要があります。: ガノハーブ
★上記記載事項に違反した場合, GanoHerb は関連する法的責任を追及します
★この記事の原文はWu Tingyaoが中国語で執筆し、Alfred Liuが英語に翻訳しました。. 翻訳に齟齬があった場合 (英語) そしてオリジナル (中国語), 本来の中国人が勝つだろう. 読者に質問がある場合, 原作者に連絡してください, MS. 呉廷耀.
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