January 13, 2017 / 복건 의과대학, the University of Arizona, 등. / “Oncotarget”

문자/우 팅야오

Many cancer patients who have gone through untold hardships in treatment are wondering why a tumor that they feel has been “cured” will relapse again after a long period of silence. The crux lies in cancer stem cells.

In the face of numerous drug attacks, some cancer stem cells will enter a dormant state and stop cell division in order to survive. This is one of the reasons why drugs that “attack rapidly proliferating cells as targets” cannot kill this group of tumor stem cells. Malignant tumors leave behind a resurgence of “seeds” only to find a chance to fight again someday.

그러므로, as long as this group of dormant tumor stem cells can be “awakened” and allowed to re-enter a fast-dividing proliferation state, there is a chance to kill them with existing drugs.

A team led by Professor Jian-Hua Xu from the College of Pharmacy of Fujian Medical University and the University of Arizona jointly published a study on “Oncotarget” in January 2017 pointing out that영지버섯 (링지, Reishi mushroom) sterols and triterpenes can play an anti-tumor role by reducing the quiescence depth of cancer cells.

The researchers isolated two natural active components from the ethanol extract of영지버섯 fruiting bodies: ergosterol peroxide and ganodermanondiol.

Molecular formula and chemical structure of ergosterol peroxide and ganodermanondiol(Source/Oncotarget. 2017 Jan 13. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.14634.)

Experiments have found that they can not only effectively inhibit rapidly proliferating cancer cells and reduce their survival rate but also induce quiescent, slow-cycling cells to apoptosis. Their cytotoxic effect against the latter is even better than that of chemotherapeutics such as Doxorubicin, Paclitaxel and Topotecan.

Why did this happen? It turns out that the Rb-E2F molecule in the quiescent cells will be activated by these two영지버섯 components. It is a switch that determines whether a cell divides or not. When its activity increases, the quiescent state of the cell will change from deep to shallow ── The cell seems to be pulled from the original deep sleep to the light sleep. As long as it is stimulated slightly, it is easy to be “woke up” and reproduce vigorously again (as shown in the following figure).

How영지버섯 breaks the dormant state of cancer cells

Dormant cancer cells, after being treated with영지버섯 sterols or triterpenes, their quiescent depth (stop or slow down cell division) will become shallower, and they are easy to return to a state of rapid proliferation due to some stimuli. 이때, they are hard to escape the attack of drugs that target rapidly proliferating cells (Source/Oncotarget. 2017 Jan 13. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.14634.)

The experiment of treating quiescent breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and normal breast cells (MCF-10A) with ergosterol peroxide or ganodermanondiol showed that at the same dose (20 μg/mL),  the number of quiescent breast cancer cells will be preferentially reduced by half compared to normal cells (in a relatively short period of time), indicating that the quiescent state of cancer cells is not as stable as that of normal cells, so these two Lingzhi components will break through the blockade earlier (as shown below).

The difference in activity between normal and cancer cells

The most important feature of cancer cells is that they can proliferate indefinitely. 그러므로, even in the quiescent stage of “slowing down or stopping cell division”, the quiescent depth of cancer cells (as shown on the right) is still shallower than that of normal cells (as shown on the left), so they are more easily to be awakened from dormancy by Reishi mushroom sterols and triterpenes. (Source/Oncotarget. 2017 Jan 13. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.14634.)

We already know that영지버섯 polysaccharides can enhance immunity while영지버섯 triterpenes can inhibit tumor cell proliferation. The results of this research show that영지버섯 sterols and영지버섯 triterpenes can also activate dormant tumor cells (usually tumor stem cells), which helps chemotherapeutics eliminate tumor cells and reduce the chance of tumor recurrence.

So does영지버섯 rely on only one active component to inhibit tumors? 영지버섯 with complete components can fight tumors in a multi-pronged way; only the multi-pronged anti-tumor way can minimize the vitality of tumor cells.

[원천] Dai J, et al. Elimination of quiescent slow-cycling cells via reducing quiescence depth by natural compounds purified from Ganoderma lucidum. Oncotarget. 2017 Jan 13. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.14634.

끝

저자 소개 / 씨. 우팅야오
Wu Tingyao는 이후 직접 Ganoderma 정보를 보고해 왔습니다. 1999. 그녀는 다음의 저자입니다. Ganoderma로 치유 (4월 인민의학출판사에 게재 2017).

★ 이 글은 저자의 단독 승인 하에 게재되었습니다..

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★ 위 사항을 위반한 경우, 저자는 관련 법적 책임을 추구할 것입니다.

★ 이 기사의 원문은 Wu Tingyao가 중국어로 작성하고 Alfred Liu가 영어로 번역했습니다.. 번역 내용에 차이가 있는 경우 (영어) 그리고 원본 (중국인), 원래 중국어가 우선합니다. 독자들이 궁금한 점이 있으면, 원작자에게 연락주세요, 양. 우팅야오.