The “Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry” officially released in February 2020 published a research result of the team of Professor Li Peng from the School of Pharmacy of Fujian Medical University. The research confirmed through cell and animal experiments that the neutral triterpenes fromГанодерма яркая can significantly inhibit the growth of colorectal cancer, and its mechanism of action is related to “promoting cancer cell apoptosis.”
Total Triterpenes = Neutral Triterpenes + Acidic Triterpenes
Since the first discovery ofГанодерма яркая triterpenes in 1982, scientists have not only provided scientific explanations for “whyГанодерма яркая fruiting bodies are so bitter” but also provided clues other than polysaccharides for the study of “WhyГанодерма яркая is anti-tumor”.
Ганодерма яркая triterpenes are a collective noun, which refers to the active ingredients inГанодерма яркая with terpene structure. According to their chemical structure, they can be divided into two groups: one group is “acidic triterpenes” including various ganoderic acids (acidic triterpene fraction, ATF), and the other group is “neutral triterpenes” including various ganoderiols (“neutral triterpene fraction”, NTF). When these two groups of triterpenes are combined, they are called total triterpenes.
Although there are many scientific evidences for the anti-tumor effects ofГанодерма яркая total triterpenes and acidic triterpenes, there are few studies on the role ofГанодерма яркая neutral triterpenes in this regard. Поэтому, Professor Li Peng’s team focused on this part.
UsingГанодерма яркая плодовые тела (предоставлено компанией Fujian Xianzhilou Biological Science and Technology Co., ООО) as the experimental material, the team first extracted the total triterpenes ofГанодерма яркая from the fruiting bodies ofГанодерма яркая with ethanol, and then further separated the neutral triterpenes and acidic triterpenes to explore their inhibitory effect on colorectal cancer.
Cell experiment: the anti-cancer effect of neutral triterpenes＞the anti-cancer effect of acidic triterpenes
The researchers separately culturedГанодерма яркая neutral triterpenes and acidic triterpenes with three different types of human colorectal cancer cells for 48 hours. В целом, Ганодерма яркая neutral triterpenes had significantly better inhibitory effects on cancer cell growth (proliferation) thanГанодерма яркая acidic triterpenes (Фигура 1).
Animal experiment: Ганодерма яркая neutral triterpenes effectively inhibit tumor growth
The researchers further evaluated the anti-tumor effects ofГанодерма яркая neutral triterpenes in vivo through animal experiments: Первый, the human colorectal cancer cell line SW620 with lymphatic metastasis ability was implanted under the skin of nude mice (immune-deficient mice). After the tumor has emerged, 250 mg/kg or 500 мг/кгГанодерма яркая neutral triterpenes are given orally to the mice every day.
После 13 days of experiments, it was found that the intervention ofГанодерма яркая neutral triterpenes can make tumors grow slower and smaller, and its inhibitory effect is comparable to that of the chemotherapy drug 5-Fu (20 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection per day), but it doesn’t cause serious weight loss like 5-Fu (Фигура 2-5).
Active ingredients: at least nine kinds of triterpenes
As mentioned earlier in the article, Ганодерма яркая neutral triterpenes are also a mixture, which contains a variety of different triterpenes. According to the researcher’s analysis, the above-mentioned neutral triterpenes ofГанодерма яркая, which has an inhibitory effect on colorectal cancer, contain at least nine kinds of triterpenes (Фигура 6).
Mechanism of action: to promote apoptosis of cancer cells
If these nine triterpenes are cultured separately with the human colorectal cancer cell line SW620 in vitro, they will be found to be more or less capable of killing cancer cells.
The researchers further explored the most representative ganoderma triterpene (ganodermanondiol) and found that it can initiate the apoptosis mechanism of cancer cells and push cancer cells from the endless altar to the abyss of death. Its effective concentration (inhibition of half of cancer cells) является 11.17 μg/mL.
This concentration has no lethality on normal cells (mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line NIH3T3), and the concentration must be increased to more than 80 μg/mL to have a significant effect (inhibit the survival of half of mouse embryonic cell lines). This means that ganodermanondiol can distinguish cancer cells from normal cells and give different “treatments”, which is completely different from the “all killing” effect of chemotherapeutic drugs on good and bad cells.
Whether theseГанодерма яркая neutral triterpenes initiate the apoptosis mechanism of cancer cells is achieved by regulating the mitochondria in cancer cells is worthy of further investigation according to the researchers.
[Ссылки]
Li P, и др.. Anti-Cancer Effects of a Neutral Triterpene Fraction from Ganoderma lucidum and its Active Constituents on SW620 Human Colorectal Cancer Cells. Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2020; 20(2): 237-244. дои: 10.2174/1871520619666191015102442.
КОНЕЦ
Об авторе/ г-жа. У Тинъяо
Wu Tingyao has been reporting on first-hand Ganodermainformation since 1999. Она является авторомЛечение с помощью Ганодерма (опубликовано в Народном медицинском издательстве в апреле 2017).
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